December is when new COVID-19 variants are often identified, but it’s not exclusive to that month. The timing is coincidental, influenced by ongoing monitoring and research.

In December 2019, the world faced a life-altering virus from China, and four years later, COVID-19 lingers in evolving forms. This December introduces JN.1, a “variant of interest” with low public health risk, continuing a trend seen with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omicron variants in past Decembers.

JN.1, part of the Omicron lineage, is marked by a spike protein mutation. Although causing mild symptoms in many, it poses risks for vulnerable groups. The timing of these variants in December remains a recurring aspect, linking back to the virus’s introduction in the cold winter month of 2019.

As we delve deeper into the specifics of the JN.1 variant, it’s essential to note that it belongs to the BA.2.86 lineage, a descendant of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2. This lineage denotes a continuation of the evolutionary trajectory of the virus.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) designates JN.1 as a “variant of interest” due to its rapid global spread. This variant has already been detected in various countries, including India, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States, underlining its widespread presence.

One distinctive feature of JN.1 is an additional mutation in the spike protein of the virus. The spike protein plays a crucial role in the virus’s ability to enter human cells, making mutations in this region particularly significant. This additional mutation could influence the variant’s transmissibility, severity, and potentially impact the effectiveness of existing vaccines.

Dr. G C Khilnani, Chairman of the PSRI Institute of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, has highlighted that JN.1 tends to cause mild illness, presenting symptoms such as fever, sore throat, cough, and headache. However, it is crucial to recognize that certain populations, including the elderly, obese individuals, and those with underlying health conditions like COPD, diabetes, or cancer, may face more severe consequences if infected with this variant.

The recurrence of significant COVID-19 variant developments in December raises questions about the potential seasonal patterns, environmental factors, or other influences contributing to the evolution and emergence of new strains during this particular month. Scientists and health experts continue to closely monitor these patterns to better understand the dynamics of the virus and enhance preparedness for future developments.